Planning to visit London for 3 days? Here is an itinerary of how to spend 3 days in London, including a map.
London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is a vibrant, cosmopolitan place that will literally enchant you with its atmosphere.
At least I was enchanted by it and I still love coming back here, because London always surprises us with something new.
Every neighbourhood in London is different and different in some way. You feel like you are constantly uncovering new layers. That’s the funny thing about London.
And the places you can visit here. World-leading museums, iconic landmarks, original attractions and markets where you can eat whatever you want. And lots of greenery. So much so that the UN has classified London as a forest.
These are just some of the magnets that draw millions of visitors each year. So much so, in fact, that London regularly tops the list of the most visited cities in Europe (followed by Paris, Istanbul, Rome and Amsterdam).
Is it possible to visit London in 3 days?
London is the most visited city in Europe. It already suggests that there are so many activities and places that you won’t even have enough time for a week.
The narrowest centre of London can be walked in a day. But you won’t get to see inside any of the galleries, museums or monuments and that would be a great pity. Plus, you wouldn’t be able to enjoy the city’s unmistakable London atmosphere in peace.
London is a city you should set aside at least 3 days to explore more parts of it and get a better idea of its diversity. If you have more time, we have created an itinerary for 5 days in London.
How to enjoy London in 3 days?
Go on foot
Central London is walkable. This allows you to discover places you would not otherwise have a chance to see.
But there are plenty of interesting places outside central London – Kensington Palace, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Windsor Castle, Greenwich Park and more.
London’s public transport is reliable and connects you to the furthest reaches of London. And all you need is your contactless card, which you insert into the reader when you board (on the metro and on the train, as well as when you get off). This way, you will only be deducted the amount you have actually driven.
☞ Learn more about how it works public transport in London.
Stay near the centre
Find hotel near the centre. London is really big, and if you only have 3 days, you don’t want to spend more than you need to on the journey from your hotel to the centre.
Plus, what you save on accommodation, you pay for public transport. The London area is divided into zones (from Zone 1 in the centre to Zone 9 on the edge of the city). The further you are from the centre, the more expensive the transport is.
☞ Here are our tips for the best hotels in London (including a map and practical information).
Here are some of our tips for clean and comfortable hotels with great access to the city centre and airport:
- ibis London Blackfriars – hotel is on the south side of the Thames near Waterloo station near Westminster and the London Eye; bus stop just opposite, restaurants and shops nearby
- Hotel Holiday Inn Express – one of the best hotels in London, clean and practical rooms, excellent connections to the city centre and airport (especially Stansted and Heathrow), quiet location
- ibis London City Shoreditch – Modern rooms near Liverpool Street Station (ideal for Stansted and Heathrow airports), next to Tesco Express hotel and nearby restaurants and markets, close to attractions
- White House hotel – Simply furnished but clean and very cheap accommodation in the centre of town, a short walk from Hyde Park and Paddington Station
- Hotel DC – A smaller, cosy hotel at an unbeatable price in the quiet Stratford area, with easy access to the city centre and airport by tube, train and bus
Get London Pass
Planning to visit more paid sights, museums and attractions? Get a London Pass. It’s a tourist card that gives you free entry to over 90 places in London including the London Eye, Westminster Abbey, Tower of London, the view from the tallest skyscraper, The Shard, Tower Bridge, unlimited day cruises on the Thames, Windsor Castle and many other popular places.
In the article Things to do in London I’ve noted whether each place is included in London Pass to make it easier. About London Pass read more in this article.
Book your tickets
Book your tickets for the most popular places in advance. Just show your mobile phone with your ticket and skip the queue.
In some places, booking is compulsory or some times are sold out in advance – for example, the London Eye or the Shard at sunset.
3 days in London – map
We create our itineraries so that there is something of everything on every day. History, art, entertainment, walks through interesting places, plenty of places to relax and have a good meal.
The locations are close together so you don’t have to use the London Underground or buses any more than you need to.
A map with routes for each day will also help you plan. You can download the map to your computer or mobile phone and customize it according to your interests.
HOW TO USE THIS MAP: Above you will find a detailed map of the route in 3 days in London. Click at the top left of the map to see separate layers with highlighted locations. You can hide and show the different layers or click on the icons on the map to see the names of the places I mention in the London itinerary. If you want to save the map, star it. For a larger version, click on the icon in the upper right corner.
HOW TO SPEND 3 DAYS IN LONDON
3 DAYS IN LONDON – ITINERARY FOR 1ST DAY
- Classic London (Westminster, Trafalgar Square, Buckingham Palace)
- Covent Garden and Soho
- London Eye
Classic London
What comes to mind when you think of London? The Palace of Westminster with its Big Ben bell, the spectacular views from the London Eye or the elegant Buckingham Palace? These are all places we will see on our first day in London.
All these places are close to each other (or you can shorten your journey with the iconic red buses) and are an easy stroll across classic London.
Our starting point will be Oxford Street, the main shopping thoroughfare in the city. Oxford Street is lined with shops and restaurants and is also known for its beautiful Christmas decorations before Christmas.
But there’s not much to see here except shopping, so we continue along the elegant Regent Street. It runs perpendicular to Oxford Street – turn right.
Soho and Chinatown
Regent Street separates the chic Mayfair and Soho districts, known for their lively atmosphere. And that’s where we’re headed right now. Right on the edge you’ll see the entrance to Carnaby Street, a labyrinth of charming streets with plenty of shops and restaurants. It’s a picturesque place for a short stop.
Weave through the streets of Soho, which has the best atmosphere in the evening. After a few minutes, you’ll reach the colourful and bustling Piccadilly Circus, which has been likened to New York’ s Times Square with its illuminated advertisements. Compared to Times Square, Piccadilly Circus is much smaller and quieter.
After a short stop at Piccadilly Circus, we head to Chinatown, which is just a few steps from the square. You can recognize it at first sight by the Chinese gate and lanterns. If you like Asian cuisine, head here.
Chinatown is probably one of the most touristy places in London. Choose well if you plan to eat here. Some restaurants are excellent, others are rather overpriced tourist traps.
Covent Garden
When visiting London, you can’t miss Covent Garden, one of the most beautiful neighbourhoods in London, centred around the market of the same name.
Covent Garden is a vibrant neighbourhood full of independent and upmarket shops, restaurants, bars and street performers. Not only in the market, but also in the surrounding area, there are plenty of options where you can eat from Japanese cuisine to Taiwanese, Indian, Italian, American and Mexican.
While you’re here, walk down the lane from Covent Garden to Neal Street, which is lined with brick houses with colourful shopfronts. From here, it’s a short detour to Neal’s Yard, a charming little square surrounded by some of the most colourful houses in London.
Trafalgar Square
From Covent Garden, take the landmark Strand, which takes you to Trafalgar Square in less than 10 minutes.
Trafalgar Square is another major square in London, dominated by the National Gallery. If you’re interested in classical art, you’ll find it here. In addition, admission is free and it is open until 6 pm (9 pm on Fridays).
Another landmark of Trafalgar Square is the Nelson’s Column, which commemorates Admiral Nelson’s victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. The column is guarded by 4 bronze lions. There are beautiful fountains, street performers and it’s not just on weekends that it’s alive.
Buckingham Palace
From Trafalgar Square, we’ll walk along The Mall, a festive path lined with mature trees and colourful flags. This connects the square with Buckingham Palace, where we are heading now. A comfortable walk of about 15 minutes will take you directly to the palace, which is the administrative seat of the British monarch.
Buckingham Palace is renowned for its grandeur and historical significance. It is closed to the public for most of the year – for more information on opening times, see our article What to see in London.
☞ Are you planning to visit multiple paid attractions (Tower of London, Tower Bridge, Westminster Abbey, The Shard, Kew Gardens or Windsor Castle, for example)? See if you can’t save London Pass tourist card which can save you a significant amount of money.
Buckingham Palace is surrounded by the green spaces of Green Park and St James’s Park. As part of this itinerary, we’ll head across St James’s Park with the lake in the middle, where you’ll see ducks, pelicans and squirrels running free. There are benches, refreshments and a playground.
Westminster – 3 Days in London
A pleasant stroll through James Park takes a few minutes to reach the landmarks of the elegant Westminster district – Westminster Abbey and the Palace of Westminster and Big Ben, two of London’s most important landmarks.
Westminster Abbey has hosted coronations, weddings and funerals of royalty. It was the wedding venue of Prince William and Kate Middleton, the funeral of Princess Diana and naturalist Charles Darwin, and the final resting place of Charles Dickens, Isaac Newton, 17 British kings and queens and 3,000 other great Britons.
It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, boasting stunning architectural beauty and historical significance.
Adjacent to the Abbey is the Palace of Westminster, the seat of Parliament, where the future of the UK is debated, approved and decided.
The palace is a perfect example of Victorian neo-Gothic architecture and is famous for its clock tower, the Elisabeth Tower. It houses the even more famous 13 tonne Big Ben bell, named after the man who commissioned the bell, Benjamin Hall.
Directly across the river from the bridge is Westminster Bridge, from which you can enjoy spectacular views not only of the Palace of Westminster, but also of the London Eye across the river. And here we finish our first day in London.
London Eye
The London Eye (part of the London Pass), an icon of the London skyline, is the largest Ferris wheel in Europe, offering fantastic views of the city. Since its opening in 2000 to celebrate the millennium, it has become one of London’s most popular tourist attractions.
It symbolizes modernity and innovation in contrast to the ancient monuments of the city. Each of the 32 air-conditioned capsules represents a London borough.
The full turn around takes approximately 30 minutes, giving you plenty of time to enjoy London.
Opening hours and admission to the London Eye
The London Eye is open daily from 11:00-18:00 in winter and 10:00-20:30 in summer. In winter, part of January and February is closed for maintenance.
☞ How to save money on admission and skip the queues at the London Eye: London Eye is one of the most popular sights in London and there are long queues. In addition, tickets are significantly more expensive on site. Save money by booking tickets in advance.
Book tickets for London’s most popular attractions and skip the queue on the spot:
HOW TO SPEND 3 DAYS IN LONDON
3 DAYS IN LONDON – ITINERARY FOR 2ND DAY
- Tower of London and Tower Bridge
- Borough Market
- City of London
- Shoreditch
- St Paul’s Cathedral and The Shard
Historic London
The next day in London will be dedicated to historic London. We’ll take in the Tower of London, home of the Crown Jewels, the iconic Tower Bridge and the promenade lined with interesting statues. We’ll pop into Borough Market or Shoreditch for a delicious meal. In addition, we will also enjoy views of London from The Shard or the City of London, where there are also several interesting vantage points.
Hop on the tube and get off at Tower Hill station (Circle and District Line), which is right next to the Tower of London, a beautifully preserved 11th-century castle on the banks of the Thames.
Tower of London
The Tower of London has served variously as the royal residence, treasury, menagerie, seat of the royal mint, office of public records and seat of the English crown jewels.
The Tower is also known as a prison where many prisoners have been held, from Elizabeth I before she became Queen to the Kray twins in the 20th century.
Visit the Royal Armoury, where you can see two suits of armour of Henry VIII. – one that he wore as a slender youth and another when he was rounder as a king. Or take a walk around the inner walls of the fort and see interactive displays of British monarchs.
A popular activity is to search for the 6 ravens that guard the fortress. Legend has it that if the ravens leave the fortress, the monarchy will fall and a great disaster will befall England.
Allow at least 2-4 hours for a comprehensive visit, as there is much to see and explore, including the Crown Jewels, the medieval palace and various exhibitions.
Opening Hours and Admission to the Tower of London
Opening hours vary according to the season. In winter, it is open daily 10:00-17:00, and the hours gradually get longer as summer approaches.
Entry to the Tower of London costs 33,60 £ for adults 18-64, 16,80 £ for children 5-15, 26,80 £ for students aged 16+, seniors 65+ and disabled.
☞ How to skip the lines: Tower of London is one of the most visited landmarks in London. Tickets are bought separately opposite the castle, so by booking tickets in advance skip the ticket line. I still recommend arriving right at opening time, as there are long queues for the crown jewels later on.
Even if you don’t plan to visit the fortress inside, it’s still a lovely walk with views of Tower Bridge, where we’re heading now.
Tower Bridge
Tower Bridge is named after the Tower of London, next to which it is located. If you’re looking for the most beautiful bridge in London, you’ve just found it.
You can just walk around the bridge or visit inside to learn more about its history and the steam-powered winch mechanism that makes the bridge rise more than 1,000 times a year in 3 minutes. It was a unique mechanism in its time.
The tour starts in the first tower, from where you gradually climb up the tower. Along the way you can read various interesting facts about the bridge. You cross the bridge between the towers, which has a partially glass floor – so you can see perfectly what is below you. Besides, the bridge also offers beautiful views of the Thames and the surrounding city.
You will finish the tour in the second tower and then go to the engine room to see how the whole mechanism works.
Opening hours and admission to Tower Bridge
You can visit the towers daily from 9:30-18:00 (last entry one hour before). Admission is 12,30 £ for 16-59 year olds and 6,20 £ for children aged 5-15. For tickets click here.
At Tower Bridge you can make a short left turn to Butler’s Wharf Pier, which most visitors pass by. It’s a short stop with views of the bridge. Just walk under the bridge and you’re there.
From Tower Bridge, turn right around the south bank of the River Thames. The entire promenade is modern, with seating, interesting sculptures and beautiful views of Tower Bridge, the Tower Fortress and the City of London.
Borough Market
Our next destination is Borough Market, the oldest market in London, which is also one of the most famous. And it’s right here, on the south bank of the River Thames.
At the market you can taste food from all over the world, they have something from everyone. A perfect stop for refreshments, from where we continue on. We’ll cross the river on London Bridge. It is often confused with Tower Bridge, but they are completely different bridges. London Bridge is actually quite a simple bridge.
Hotels in London 😴
City of London
We cross the bridge and get to the oldest part of London – the City of London. You can recognize it safely from afar thanks to the cluster of skyscrapers that contrast with the historic houses and churches. A beautiful and interesting district where several attractions are located.
Walk past the Gherkin skyscraper, translated as “Cucumber”, located at 30 St Mary Axe (see photo above). There is seating and benches.
Or visit the hidden garden with the semi-dilapidated St Dunstan in the East Church Garden, whose tower was designed by Christopher Wren. He is best known as the architect of St Paul’s Cathedral, another major landmark in the City of London.
Or stop by the beautiful, historic Leadenhall Market. This one may not be as lively as other markets in London, but if you’re a Harry Potter fan, this is where he bought his wand.
Where are the best views in the City of London?
Would you like to enjoy the views of London? There are 3 places in the City of London where you can enjoy breathtaking views of the city for free:
- Sky Garden – advance booking required, usually booked in advance, or. you can book a table in the bar or restaurant
- Horizon 22 – advance booking required, usually booked weeks in advance
- Garden at 120 – a beautiful place full of greenery where no reservation is required. On the other hand, queues form and only a limited number of people are allowed upstairs, so it’s better to come right at opening time (especially in the season from spring to autumn).
Shoreditch
After the City of London tour, we continue to one of the most interesting districts in London – Shoreditch. It is known for its lively atmosphere and street art.
If you’re looking for a good place to eat in London, Shoreditch is the place to go. One restaurant better than another, interesting markets including the famous Brick Lane and Old Spitalfields Market.
Here are a few of our tips on where to eat in Shoreditch (actually, it’s just a little taster):
- BOXPARK – a shopping mall that was built from shipping containers. In one place you will find food stalls from all over the world.
- Beigel Bake – excellent bakery with bagels, but also other pastries and cakes, open non-stop on Brick Lane
- Dishoom – excellent Indian restaurant in a stylish environment, open from morning till night
- Gloria – authentic Italian cuisine in a beautiful setting
St Paul’s Cathedral and The Shard
Still in the mood for an evening stroll through beautifully lit London? Directly from Shoreditch, take the 8 or 26 buses every few minutes for a 20-minute ride to St Paul’s Cathedral.
St Paul’s Cathedral is an imposing church with a distinctive dome that offers one of the best views from the Millennium Bridge. It’s a nice spectacle even in the daytime, but in the evening it’s not bad.
The Millennium Bridge leads to the world-famous Tate Modern. Not far from here is the tallest skyscraper in the UK – The Shard, which literally stands out like a shard above its surroundings.
The Shard has some of the best views of London (see the opening photo). The London Pass gives you free entry.
☞ Reservation for the viewpoint in The Shard is required. The specific time you book online. The most popular time is at sunset, when tickets tend to sell out early. Booking is required with the London Pass – information will be emailed to you after you have purchased the London Pass.
HOW TO SPEND 3 DAYS IN LONDON
3 DAYS IN LONDON – ITINERARY FOR 3RD DAY
The first days we saw the main centre of London and the most famous sights in London – the Palace of Westminster, Buckingham Palace, London Eye, Tower of London and Tower Bridge.
But there are still plenty of places to see in London. So we’re going to leave the last day a bit open and show you 4 options for how you can end your 3 days in London. Visit renowned museums, step back in time with Harry Potter or relax in Greenwich Park. We will show you all the itineraries one by one.
Option 1: Itinerary for 3rd day in London
- Museums in South Kensington
- Kew Gardens
- Camden Market
Museums in South Kensington
There are some great museums in South Kensington, west of central London, which are free to enter (donations are welcome) – the Science Museum, the Natural History Museum and the Victoria & Albert Museum.
The museums have extensive collections, so set aside at least 2 hours for each one. All museums are located next door to each other, less than 20 minutes’ walk from Kensington Palace.
The Science Museum contains over 300,000 objects, including the oldest surviving steam locomotive, the first DNA model and the Apollo 10 command model. Admission is free, but you need to reserve a ticket in advance.
Just opposite the Science Museum is another museum – The Natural History Museum. And again, there is much to see – over 80 million items, including exhibits collected by Charles Darwin and an extensive collection of fossils. A cast of a whale skeleton greets you in the opening hall. From there, the museum is divided thematically into several zones.
Rounding out the top three is the Victoria & Albert Museum, one of the largest museums of decorative and design objects in the world. The collection is divided into 150 galleries and includes ceramics, sculptures, paintings, jewellery and fashion from all corners of the world.
Hyde Park or Kew Gardens
After all the art and exhibitions, a rest in the park is more than welcome. North of South Kensington is Hyde Park, the largest park in London. Hyde Park has miles of trails, benches, a lake with boats and an Italian garden.
For something a little more special, head to Kew Gardens – the Royal Botanic Gardens. Unlike Hyde Park, you have to pay to get in (it’s part of the London Pass), but there’s so much to see that you won’t be able to get through it in a couple of hours.
As you stroll through the gardens, you’ll see various themed gardens, iconic buildings such as the Victorian-era Palm House, and a treetop walkway from which to enjoy views of the surrounding area.
The gardens close at 19:00, on Thursdays they close at 16:00 and on weekends at 20:00. In winter, opening hours are shortened to 16 hours. Kew Gardens are very popular – it’s best to book tickets in advance.
Kew Gardens is the easiest to reach from South Kensington. Walk back to the tube from the museums and take the tube to Kew Gardens station. In 20 minutes you are at the finish line.
Camden Market
One of London’s most famous markets is Camden Market, a vibrant and eclectic place known for its unique atmosphere and diverse range of offerings. It’s the perfect place for those looking for alternative fashion, vintage finds and handmade items, but of course it’s also full of trinket shops.
The shops are complemented by international food stalls, so you can sample cuisine from all over the world in one place. Shops have normal opening hours, restaurants and bars close in the evening and night.
Option 2: Itinerary for 3rd day in London
- British Museum
- Regent´s Park
- Camden Market
British Museum
The British Museum is one of the most visited museums in the world and the second most visited museum in London after the Tate Modern. That’s why our third day will start here – before the crowds roll in.
The museum was founded in 1753 as a cabinet of curiosities collected by the royal physician Hans Sloane. Today you can admire an extensive collection of more than 7 million objects from all over the world.
A map is available at the entrance for easy planning. It is better to choose a few points to visit and not try to see everything, because you don’t have a chance to see everything in one day.
The museum opens at 10:00. Admission to the museum is free (donations are welcome). In high season it is better to book in advance.
Regent´s Park
Regent’s Park is one of the 8 Royal Parks in London and the place where you will find the beautiful rose and Japanese gardens.
In addition, the popular Madame Tussauds Museum (part of the London Pass) is located on the edge of the park. You’ll see characters ranging from Donald Trump to King King, but you’ll also have plenty of interactive fun.
On the north side of the park is the London Zoo (part of the London Pass), which is the oldest scientific zoo in the world.
As with the first option, we will end the day in Camden Market.
Option 3: Itinerary for Day 3 in London
- Boat cruise and Greenwich Park
- IFS Cable Car
- Canary Wharf
Boat cruise and Greenwich Park
Get on a boat at the Palace of Westminster in the morning and be taken to Greenwich. Here lies Greenwich Park (part of the London Pass), which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Book a cruise on the Thames.
Around Greenwich Park you can visit the Royal Observatory, the Cutty Sark tea clipper, the National Maritime Museum, the Queen’s House and the Prime Meridian, from which longitude is calculated.
If you plan to visit all these places, buy a discounted combination ticket. Along the way, stop at the popular Greenwich Market, where you’ll find goodies and ready-made meals.
And if you’re looking for a bit of an adrenaline rush, take the IFS Cable Car. From here you can enjoy beautiful views of Greenwich and Canary Wharf.
The fare is 6 £ and you can pay simply by Oyster card or contactless card. On the other hand, the cable car is incredibly popular, especially in good weather. Long lines are the order of the day. For this reason, it is better to start here and then move on to exploring Greenwich.
Canary Wharf
Finish your stay in London at Canary Wharf, a symbol of modern and innovative London. This area combines corporate energy with leisure and culture.
The area is still under construction, but there is already a lot to see. You can stroll around the waterfront, have a meal in one of the restaurants, visit the beautiful gardens or go for a bike ride.
From Greenwich, the DLR (light rail) runs directly to Canary Wharf.
Option 4: Itinerary for Day 3 in London
Warner Bros. Studio Tour London
If you’re a Harry Potter fan, the agenda for the third day in London is clear. Because just outside London is Warner Bros. Studio Tour Londonwhere Harry Potter was filmed.
☞ Note: Tickets must be booked in advance. They can sell out weeks in advance, so you need to book well in advance. Here you will find tickets with transport round trip.
You will see, for example, the Hogwarts Express, Dumbledore’s Office or the Forbidden Forest. You’ll get to try out lots of costumes, fun activities and movie effects, such as a virtual broomstick ride.
Harry Potter Studios is located in Leavesden, north of London. The first option is to buy a separate ticket and transport yourself to Leavesden. You take the train and then change to a bus that takes visitors directly to the Warner Bross studios.
The second and easier option is to buy tickets with transport. The bus departs from central London.
Hotels in London
- ibis London Blackfriars – hotel is on the south side of the Thames near Waterloo station near Westminster and the London Eye; bus stop just opposite, restaurants and shops nearby
- Hotel Holiday Inn Express – one of the best hotels in London, clean and practical rooms, excellent connections to the city centre and airport (especially Stansted and Heathrow), quiet location
- ibis London City Shoreditch – Modern rooms near Liverpool Street Station (ideal for Stansted and Heathrow airports), next to Tesco Express hotel and nearby restaurants and markets, close to attractions
- White House hotel – Simply furnished but clean and very cheap accommodation in the centre of town, a short walk from Hyde Park and Paddington Station
- Hotel DC – A smaller, cosy hotel at an unbeatable price in the quiet Stratford area, with easy access to the city centre and airport by tube, train and bus
How to save money in London?
- Get London Pass, which gives you free entry to over 90 places in London for a pre-selected number of days.
- Or choose a second London Explorer Pass, where you choose the number of attractions you plan to visit at a discounted price.
- Here are our tips on how to save in London.
Plan your trip quickly and easily. If you buy something through our links, we get a small commission. You pay nothing extra. Thank you!
This was our itinerary of what to see in London in 3 days. Do you have a question? We’ll be happy to answer it in the comments below. Have a safe journey!
More information about London
THINGS TO DO IN LONDON: Here’s a list of the best places to visit in London (including handy information on admission fees and opening times).
We’ve created an itinerary for 5 days in London and if you’re even more pressed for time, take a look at the 1 day London itinerary.
London is a great place for the whole family. Read our tips on things do in London with kids (+ more practical information).
LONDON TRAVEL GUIDE: In the article you can find out all about transport in London (airport, public transport, underground, bicycle). Read about accommodation, prices, food and safety in our London travel guide. Tips on the best hotels in London will help you make your accommodation choices easier.
Here are 7 tips on how to save in London. The London Pass is a popular way to save money in London – find out more about London Pass.
GREAT BRITAIN: Find tips on what to see and do in England in our list of the most beautiful places in England. Or head north to Edinburgh or visit beautiful Scotland.
